As more women and people who menstruate turn to reusable period products in the name of sustainability, a new study reveals a concerning downside: the presence of toxic “forever chemicals” in nearly a third of tested items.
Researchers from Indiana University’s O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs and the University of Notre Dame are sounding the alarm on PFAS, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, commonly associated with long-term health risks and now confirmed in period underwear, reusable pads, menstrual cups, and more.
Study overview and key findings:
Published in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, the research tested 59 reusable feminine hygiene and incontinence products from North America, South America, and Europe. The results revealed that almost 30% contained PFAS levels, suggesting deliberate use, marking the first study to confirm these substances in reusable period care items.
“Since reusable products are on the rise due to their increased sustainability compared to single-use products, it’s important to ensure that these products are safe. This is crucial, especially for adolescents and young women, who are more vulnerable to potential negative health effects,”
said Associate Professor Marta Venier, who led the study.
PFAS, often called “forever chemicals” because they persist in the environment and the human body, have been linked to numerous health risks, including hormone disruption, immune system suppression, and certain cancers. These chemicals can also be absorbed through the skin, a particular concern with products that remain in contact with intimate areas for hours at a time.
“One of the most abundant PFAS detected in products from the North American market is 8:2 FTOH, a chemical that was voluntarily phased out in food packaging by manufacturers in accordance with the FDA due to persistence in the body after dietary exposure,” said Sydney Brady, a Ph.D. student in Venier’s lab. “Notably, 8:2 FTOH can be transformed into more toxic PFOA once inside the body.”
The shift to reusables is often fueled by a desire to reduce environmental waste, but the study emphasises that even these greener choices can come with unintended consequences. Once disposed of, PFAS from these products can leach into landfills, potentially contaminating water and soil.
“Consumers should know that not everything that is in a product is listed on the package,”
Venier said. “Increased transparency from manufacturers would help consumers make informed decisions about what they’re purchasing for themselves and their families.”
What you can do
Until clearer regulations are in place, consumers may want to research brands, seek out independent testing reports, or reach out to manufacturers directly to inquire about PFAS use.
As more studies emerge, this growing awareness could push the industry toward safer, truly clean period care.
28.07.2025.
